January 25 revolution in Egypt
It falls on Holiday in Egypt and the police in protest at living conditions and political and economic conditions as well as to what is considered corrupt under the rule of President Mohamed Hosni Mubarak
This revolution led to the resignation of President Mohammad Hosni Mubarak the verdict in the February 11, 2011,
In the sixth Friday night, February 11, 2011 Vice President, Omar Suleiman, in a short statement on the president give up his post and it instructed the Supreme Council of the Armed Forces Department of the country.
The causes of the Revolution
Emergency Law
Regime in Egypt is the semi-presidential republic under Emergency Law (Law No. 162 of 1958) in force since 1967,
With the exception of a break for a period of 18 months in the early eighties. Under this law expanded the authority of the police and suspended constitutional rights and imposed censorship. And under the law down hard on any non-governmental political activity such as: the organization of demonstrations, and political organizations, non-licensed, and the prohibition of any formal financial contributions are not registered. Under this law, was detained about 17,000 people, and the number of political prisoners as the highest estimate to 30,000. Under the "emergency law", the government reserved the right to any person for an indefinite period for one reason or for no apparent reason,
Also under this law can not be the person to defend himself and the government can keep him in jail without trial. The government is working on the survival of the emergency law under the pretext of national security and the government continues to claim that without the emergency law, the opposition groups such as the Brotherhood of Muslims can pray to power in Egypt.
So they do not give up the parliamentary elections and the confiscation of property of the main financiers of the Muslim Brotherhood and the arrest of symbols and actions that are almost impossible without the emergency law and to prevent the independence of the judicial system. Mwdwa democracy in Egypt say that this is incompatible with the principles and foundations of democracy, which include the right of citizens to a fair trial and their right to vote for any candidate and / or the party they see fit to serve their country
Police brutality
Is one of the main causes of indirect in this revolution, as it is under the emergency law has suffered a lot of Egyptian citizens from injustice and violation of their human rights and which is in the way of arrest and detention, murder and other
, And these events occurred killing of Khaled Mohammed Said, who died at the hands of the police in the region of Sidi Gaber in Alexandria on June 6, 2010, who they beat him to death in front of many witnesses .. In on June 25 led Mohamed ElBaradei, former director of the International Agency for Atomic Energy in a rally denouncing the violations of the Alexandria Police then visited the family of Khalid Saeed to offer condolences.]
And died a young man in thirty, Mr. Bilal during his detention at SSI in Alexandria, and there were reports of tortured severely, and spread on a large scale video showing the effects of torture in the head, abdomen and hands. ]
He said that many police officers have been caught using violence. He was transferred from a police saying one of the demonstrators that left him only three months of service, and then after that, "I'll be on the other side of the barrier." Total victims of violence and bullying and the Egyptian Interior Ministry arrived to 350 citizen (Shahid
The presidency of Hosni Mubarak
The rule of President Hosni Mubarak in Egypt since 1981. His government has been criticized in the media and local NGOs.
"Won the supporting Israel in support of the West, and thus the continuation of the massive annual aid from the United States." Known for their campaigns and his government on Islamic extremists,
As a result, the United States has fallen silent in the initial responses to violations of Hosni Mubarak.
It was rare to remember the American press in the titles of the main news of the ongoing cases of social protest and political situation in Egypt].
And has been for the rule of Mubarak, a great impact on social and economic decline on the Egyptians, in addition to the marked decline in the level of education and high rates of unemployment and the proliferation of crimes in the country.
Corruption and poor economic conditions, social and political
During his increased political corruption in the management of Mubarak to the Ministry of Interior has been great, due to increased influence over the institutional system which is essential to secure the presidency for a long time.
This has led to a prison corruption of political figures and youth activists without trial, [],
And the existence of detention centers hidden undocumented and illegal, and also refused to universities, mosques, newspapers, staff on the basis of political leanings [].
On the personal level, it was possible for any individual or officer to violate the privacy of any citizen detained him in his area without the requirement because of the emergency law.
Transparency International is an international organization to monitor all forms of corruption including political corruption.
In a report in the Corruption Perceptions Index 2010 rated Egypt as 3.1 based on the perceptions of the degree of corruption, from businessmen and analysts, the state, where 10 means very clean and 0 means highly corrupt.
Occupies Egypt ranked 98 out of 178 countries included in the report [].
By late 2010, about 40% of Egypt's population live below the poverty line depend on national income equivalent to about $ 2 per day per person and depends a large part of the population on the subsidized goods. []
The increase in population and increasing poverty rates
Egypt is the second largest country in Africa to the population after Nigeria, the largest country in the Middle East.
And according to estimates by the year 2007, the number of Egypt's population of about 78,733,641 people (there are other estimates say the number of Egypt's population reached 81,713,517 in July 2008).
Where there is a statistical increase in the number of people say that Egypt is increasingly a child every "23 seconds" any increase Egypt about 1.5 million people per year
Which constitutes a major threat to the limited resources in Egypt where there is no government and conscious use of this wealth demographics
While Egypt's population in 1966 30,083,419 people, and most Egyptians live near the banks of the River Nile,
In an area of about 40,000 square kilometers (15000 square miles), because this land is considered the only viable agriculture in Egypt.
The increase in population accompanied by economic decline as a result of the failure of state policies to take advantage of the increased labor force,
And resulted in the emergence of a new generation of young people, many of them university graduates, but non-paying jobs to increasing the number of the opposition,
Where young people were the backbone of the revolution, as well as intimate knowledge of modern means of communication in general and their effective use in the organization of the revolution
And kept alive by cutting regime of Hosni Mubarak's contacts in the country of the revolution and the beginnings of this factor played a major role
And even in a presidential Revolution, especially with increasing poverty rate in the Egyptian society which rose to 80% of the population, including more than 40% Madomin
Any below the poverty line and this was divided into two classes of Egyptian society is not one of them amid their own fry everything, and it represents only 20% of the people
A second layer and the majority do not have anything which represents 80% of the people and this is the system which controls Alaolijarky the lack of wealth
Securing the right of working people and this so-called monopoly capitalism, which tries businessmen and Investor control and monopoly over the
Bodies and systems of the State trying to govern for their own understanding of this control on all bodies and authorities of the State legislature or the executive and even judicial.
Mohamed ElBaradei
The emergence of Mohamed ElBaradei, the impact of the return of hope and activity of the political ferment in Egypt,
Demanding constitutional changes to ensure the integrity of the presidential election.
Also formed groups of young people launched a campaign on behalf of the "People's Campaign
Pro-ElBaradei "has collected signatures from people demanding to ElBaradei even amend the Constitution in their name.
Export Egyptian gas to Israel
Since 2004 entered into four contracts under which Egypt to export natural gas to Israel - at least double the price of the market - and extends the work of these contracts until the year 2030.
Since 2004 entered into four contracts under which Egypt to export natural gas to Israel - at least double the price of the market - and extends the work of these contracts until the year 2030.]
Have caused these contracts in the major political crises of the Egyptian government because of opposition from oil experts and former ambassadors as the export begins in case of a surplus is available, unless in Egypt.
They considered those contracts a waste of public money and a courtesy call on Israel as well as marred by corruption and lack of transparency as called for by the administrative court in Egypt
To issue the invalidity of the provisions of resolution and the Minister of Petroleum Sameh Fahmi on his nomination as directors of public companies to sell gas to the Company, Salem, which in turn export to the Israeli Electricity Company.
The Court called on the Egyptian government to reconsider the issue where the export prices Egyptian gas to Israel by $ 2.5 m instead of $ 10 m
According to the world price and that Bmtdy-Egyptian peace treaty Alasirailip 1979 between the late President Anwar Sadat and Prime Zarae Israel Menachem Begin.
But the government did not respond to this decision, and went on the export of gas prices, which at the time of Alitvavip by more than three decades, was one of the main reasons people curse on the policy of the former regime.
People's Assembly elections
People's Assembly elections were held two months before the outbreak of protests, the ruling National Party won 95% of the seats in the Council,
This means that the Council was devoid of any opposition to Remember; thing which frustrated citizens. Has been described the elections Balmzorp because it contradicts reality in the Egyptian street.
In addition to violating the rights of the Egyptian judiciary in supervising elections have ousted the court rulings on the illegality of some constituencies.
And prevent the Brotherhood from participating in these elections are illegal.
Murder of a young Muhammad Khalid Saeed
The Egyptian citizen Khaled Mohammed Saeed, was killed in Alexandria in June 6, 2010 after being told that he was tortured to death at the hands of two of the laboratory police station of Sidi Gaber,
And has not been decided in the case after proving the charge or murder them as the autopsy report came second after first agreeing to the Egyptian public is Alnib re-autopsy,
Which led to widespread protests without a verdict in a case that General Furnishing considerable debate represented an important turn in preparation for the outbreak of the revolution
The bombing of the Saints Church in Alexandria
The bombing of the Church of Saints is a terrorist attack occurred in the city of Alexandria, the center of Christmas celebrations for the Oriental Churches. After New Year's twenty minutes before the explosion occurred Saints Church in Sidi Bishr.
This terrorist operation in which 24 people (including Muslims) were also wounded 97 people. The first terrorist attack in this terrible scene occurs in the history of Egypt.
Shortly before the operation by al Qaeda to target a church in Baghdad and threatened to churches in Egypt.
Two weeks before the bombing and posted on a radical call for the bombing of churches in Egypt and addresses Aktar
Church including the Church of saints and the ways and methods by which the manufacture of explosives.
This process caused a shock in Egypt and in the whole world.
And lot of Christians protested in the streets, and some Muslims joined the protests.
And after the clash between police and protesters in Alexandria and Cairo, and chanted slogans against Mubarak's rule in Egypt.
It was discovered that the Egyptian Interior Ministry - information is uncertain - are behind these bombings
The help of terrorist groups and that there is a secret weapon in the ministry was established from twenty-two officers and under the supervision of the Minister of the Interior, "Habib al-Adli" and was converted to the trial after
Recognition of the perpetrators of the process when their request for political asylum at the British embassy. ]
Murder of a young Mr. Bilal
Syed Bilal (1981 - January 6, 2011) Egyptian citizen living in Alexandria, was arrested by men of the state security apparatus is
And with a lot of Salafi for questioning in the bombing of the Church of saints and tortured him to death.
The Egyptian police have arrested the master of Bilal from his home early Wednesday, January 5, 2011 and pacified
To torture and then returned to his family the next day a corpse.].
The Syed Bilal, aged 30 years and holds a diploma in industrial.
Work in the company Petrojet until 2006 when he was arrested and put in prison for Lehman Abu Zaabal. He then worked for Brad welding.
A father of a child one year old and two months.
Tunisian People's Revolution
People's Revolution broke out in Tunis on December 18, 2010 (ie before 38 days of the outbreak of the Egyptian revolution, anger) in protest at conditions
Social, economic and political solidarity with the poor and Mohammed Bouazizi, who set himself on fire,
This revolution has been able in less than a month of the overthrow of President Zine El Abidine Ben Ali (who ruled the country for 23 years with an iron fist).
This success of the popular revolution of Tunisia showed that the strength of the Arab people lies in a demonstration and out into the street,
And that the army is a force in support of the people, not the tool of the regime to suppress the people.
Also lit up the hope that revolution to the Arab people for his ability to change the regulations parked it and achieve their aspirations.
Albuazizip phenomenon in Egypt
A week before the beginning of the events; the four Egyptian nationals on Tuesday, January 18, 2011 set fire to themselves
A separate protest on the living conditions and economic and political bad they are:]
* Mohammed Farooq Hassan (Cairo).
* Syed Ali (Cairo).
* Ahmad Hashem Sayed (Alexandria) - died on the same day died of burns he suffered.
* Sorour Mohamed Ashour (Cairo).
This Ahtmaoua Tunisian citizen Mohammed that sparked the uprising Bouazizi Tunisian burned himself.
On some social scientists, writers, journalists called "the phenomenon of Albuazizip"
The frequent accidents in the Arab world, which burn the protesters themselves - a tradition of Muhammad Bouazizi -
Against unemployment, economic conditions and social and political conditions.
These included the phenomenon to several Arab countries. (See the experience of the tradition of Muhammad Bouazizi).
Although the phenomenon Albuazizip ashamed of the history of the phenomenon mentioned but it is
Has led to spark revolutions and the overthrow of Arab dictatorships in several Arab countries.
Social networking sites on the Internet
The Egyptian citizen Wael Ghoneim established a page or group "We are all Khaled Said" in the social networking site Facebook on the Internet, and Khalid Saeed, was killed in Alexandria in June 6, 2010 after having been tortured to
Death at the hands of two of the Police Department laboratory Sidi Gaber, sparking widespread protests in turn, represented an important prelude to the outbreak of the revolution.
He also called Wael Ghoneim of the page on the site to facebook
Anger in the demonstrations on January 25, 2011.
It was a great role in coordination with the young men to blow up the revolution in January 25, 2011.
The revolution began when, on 25 January was composed of young people who saw the page (all Khalid Saeed)
On site or facebook Facebook youth as he said
Wael Ghanim in an interview with Mona El Shazly program tenth in the evening,
It is then turned into a revolution in which all young people,
And now turned into a revolution in which all the communities of the Egyptian people.
Triumph of the Revolution and the fall of Hosni Mubarak's regime
In the sixth on Friday, February 11, 2011 Vice President, Omar Suleiman, in a short statement on the president give up his post and was reading: [
«In the name of God the Merciful Dear Countrymen in these difficult circumstances experienced by the country's President Mohammed Hosni Mubarak, giving up the post of President of the
Of the Republic and the Supreme Council instructed the armed forces manage the country's affairs. God bless and helper »
.
The flow of millions of people to the streets of Cairo, especially in the field of editing
And the various Egyptian governorates to celebrate his departure, as the women chanted Balzgarrid.
And wounded some people faint from excessive joy. And are only minutes until pervaded the celebrations throughout the
Cities of the Arab world from the Atlantic Ocean to the Gulf to celebrate the victory of revolution, January 25 Mubarak step down from power. [
List the names of the martyrs of January 25:
Mostafa Reda first martyr of the revolution, the Egyptian Suez
MH Islam 21 years old
Ahmed Bassiouni: 31 years
Ihab Ahmed Mustafa: 29 years
Amr strange: 25 years
Mr. Strange: 44 years
Gharib Abdel-Aziz Abdel-Latif: 45 years
Hamada Labib: 30 years
Hussein Taha: 19 years
Islam Bakir: 22 years
Karim Ahmed Ragab: 20 years
Taher Medhat: 26 years
Mohammed Atef: 22 years
Mohamed Mahrous: 29 years
Mohammed Hossam El Din: 25 years
Mustafa Abdel Fattah Ragab: 20 years
Mustafa Mahmoud: 20 years
Saif Allah Mostafa Moussa: 16 years
Suleiman Ali Saber: 40 years
Names of 11 years old
To 35 years old
Emad Mohammed Hussein 23 years old
Mohamed Abdel-Moneim Hussein, 20 years old
Ahmed Mahmoud
Ayman Omar
Sheriff Hammad
Mohamed Farag
Mostafa El Sawy
Sally Magdy Zahran
Karim Bennouna 29 years old
Haitham benign 29 years old
Mostafa El Sawy
Emad Mohammed Hussein 23 years old
Mohamed Al-Izz al-Din Yassin
Mohammad Amin al-Baz January 25
Mina Nabil Mina Jan. 25
And more
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